Scalable Performance Oscilloscopes

DPO70000SX provides ultra-high bandwidth real time signal acquisition and analysis up to 70 GHz analog bandwidth. The patented Asynchronous Time Interleaving (ATI) architecture provides the lowest noise and highest fidelity for real time signal acquisition.

• Superior signal fidelity and excellent signal-to-noise ratio
• Stable and precise multi-channel timing for most accurate analysis
• Compact instrument package with flexibility for future expansion and simple reconfiguration

Introduction

DPO70000SX Series oscilloscopes provide the most accurate real time performance for ultra-bandwidth applications.

• Low noise, 70 GHz real time signal capture using patented ATI architecture
• Compact 5 ¼" (3U) instrument package for the most versatile multi-channel systems
• Precise, scalable performance using UltraSync multi-unit time synchronization bus
• Highest trigger performance with >25 GHz Edge trigger bandwidth, unique Envelope trigger
• 14.1 Gbps hardware serial trigger - Assures triggering on the first instance of a specified 8b/10b, 64b/66b, or generic NRZ pattern to allow isolation of pattern-dependent effects
• Bit error detector - Implemented within the trigger system, this feature provides simple bit error measurement against a defined pattern file, with no missed bits

Low noise, high fidelity signal acquisition is critical in ultra-bandwidth applications such as long-haul coherent optical, 400G datacom and wideband RF. The flagship DPO77002SX model uses ATI (Asynchronous Time Interleaving) architecture to achieve 70 GHz and 200 GS/s (5 ps/Sample) real time acquisition performance. This patented, symmetric architecture elegantly creates an inherent noise advantage over legacy bandwidth interleaving methods. The DPO70000SX provides the lowest noise, highest fidelity and maximum performance for complex optical modulation analysis, jitter and noise analysis of high speed serial signaling and frequency, phase and modulation analysis of wideband RF signals.

DPO70000SX ATI Performance Oscilloscopes

• 70 GHz, 59 GHz, or 50 GHz analog bandwidth
• Low-noise ATI architecture
• 200 GS/s, 5ps/Sample real-time sample rate

DPO70000SX TekConnect Performance Oscilloscope

• 33, 25, 23, 20, 16, or 13 GHz analog bandwidth
• 100 GS/s, 10 ps/Sample real-time sample rate
• Bandwidth upgradable to ATI 70 GHz, 59 GHz, 50 GHz models

Applications

• Coherent optical modulation analysis
• Research and defense data acquisition and analysis
• 100G/400G datacom system debug
• PCIe debugging and compliance testing
• High-speed serial communications debugging and compliance testing
• PCIe, USB, Thunderbolt, HDMI, DisplayPort, and more

Previous real time scope solutions for digitizing ultra-high bandwidth signals distribute signal energy to two digitizing paths, and then use DSP to reconstruct the input signal. Unlike legacy schemes, Tektronix' unique ATI architecture provides a symmetric technique that delivers all signal energy to both digitizing paths resulting in an inherent noise advantage.

The diagram shows how an input signal enters the ATI ASIC where it is sampled and alternately delivered to each digitizing subsystem. The sample clock runs at 75 GHz and effectively folds the spectrum of the input signal about 37.5 GHz prior to digitizing. Each digitizing path operates at 100 GS/s and the folded spectrum is band limited to <40 GHz to meet Nyquist criteria. The alternating phase of the sampler has the effect of inverting signal phase 180° in one digitizing path, which provides significant benefit in reconstructing the final digitized signal.

With two copies of the entire signal energy digitized, the signal spectra are "unfolded" using a DSP equivalent of the sampling process and combined to reproduce the input signal. Because two copies of the signal are being combined the process effectively averages them together, reducing random noise. Phase-inversion introduced by the sampling process causes intermediate frequency components to directly cancel one another, simplifying reconstruction and calibration.

Thus, ATI architecture provides an inherent SNR advantage over legacy digital-bandwidth interleaving techniques. These techniques immediately split an input signal into upper and lower bands of frequencies. This divides the power and the upper frequency band must be mixed down prior to digitizing while the lower band is directly digitized. This asymmetric approach can make signal reconstruction and calibration more difficult and lead to errors in pass-band frequency or phase response. The division of power removes the opportunity to reduce signal noise. ATI alleviates these issues by using a unique symmetric architecture.

A comparison of baseline noise between the Tektronix DPO77002SX and another vendor's 63 GHz model, with both instruments set to 60 GHz bandwidth, demonstrates the effectiveness of ATI at providing the lowest noise acquisition.

JNF performance

An all-new master sample clock design which provides the remarkably low sample clock jitter of 65fs_RMS, combined with the very low noise performance achieved with ATI, allows the DPO77002SX to reach new levels of jitter noise floor performance. The JNF at 300 mV_FS is a mere 123 fs_RMS, which even rivals lower bandwidth instruments.

The figure shows jitter analysis of 60 GHz sine wave applied to the ATI input. The result shows a clean eye with random jitter RJ <80 fs_RMS.

DPO70000SX Series models establish a unique compact oscilloscope package that enables unprecedented workspace efficiency and mounting versatility. The SX series provides a differentiated approach to ultra-bandwidth real time acquisition that aligns with user trends toward large external monitors, higher degrees of automation and increased separation of data collection and data analysis workspaces.

Stand-alone DPO70000SX compact models provide functionality equivalent to their bench counterparts (DPO70000DX) at half the height through addition of external display, keyboard and mouse. SX series models can host Advanced Analysis software and be automated using internal or external control just as their bench counterparts.

The DPO77002SX 70 GHz ATI Performance Oscilloscope provides one channel at 70 GHz, 200 GS/s acquisition performance or two channels at 33 GHz, 100 GS/s acquisition. The instrument includes a 70 GHz, 1.85 mm low-noise ATI input channel as well as general purpose TekConnect 2.92 mm inputs for versatile probing and signal conditioning options to 33 GHz.

The DPO73304SX model provides two channels at 33 GHz, 100 GS/s acquisition or four channels at 23 GHz, 50 GS/s real time acquisition performance. This model provides acquisition performance similar to the DPO73304DX bench model, but in the new compact instrument form-factor.

All models in the DPO70000SX Series achieve the highest level of trigger performance available in real time oscilloscopes, >25 GHz edge trigger performance and <40 ps glitch trigger performance. An innovative new Window trigger type enables triggering on the envelope of RF signal bursts with time-qualification to discriminate envelope width. Industry-leading pulse-width timer performance enables the most precise discrimination of specific bit-widths in high speed serial data streams and detection of "runt" pulses in the midst of pseudo-random signaling. The DPO70000SX Series Auxiliary Trigger input provides low-jitter edge triggering and uses TekConnect accessories for a wide variety of signal conditioning solutions.

Optimal usability

Less than half the height of bench models

DPO70000SX Series instruments are contained in a 5 ¼" (3U) package that optimizes space usage and enables the most versatile range of mounting configurations. Two DPO70000SX instruments stack in less height than similar-class bench instruments, yet achieve higher measurement performance.

Complete standalone oscilloscope

Though compact, SX models provide full standalone oscilloscope functionality and performance. They can directly host Tektronix' Advanced Analysis applications for tasks such as jitter, noise, optical modulation or spectral analysis and do not require a separate processor or control unit.

Familiar scope controls where you want them

The DPO7AFP Auxiliary Front Panel is a valuable usability accessory that compliments the compact instrument package by enabling users to operate with familiar controls without requiring access to the front of an instrument.

Remote desktop operation

As with current bench-model DPO/MSO70000 Series instruments, DPO70000SX models can be operated remotely over a network using Windows® Remote Desktop. Use the Windows Remote Desktop utility to access your oscilloscope from across the lab or across the globe.

Precision synchronization for multi-unit systems

DPO70000SX Series instruments include the Tektronix UltraSync multi-unit time synchronization bus. UltraSync is used to synchronize sample clock, trigger and run-stop control across multiple units with performance equivalent to that found in monolithic scopes. UltraSync cables are available in 1 meter and 2 meter length to maximize configuration and layout versatility while preserving timing integrity of a multi-unit system.

The UltraSync bus consists of three elements, each providing an important element of precise multi-unit operation:

• UltraSync includes a 12.5 GHz Sample Clock Reference signal sourced by the Master and used by each Extension to synchronize sample placement in the digitizing process.

  

• The Trigger bus provides Run-Stop control for all members of a multi-unit configuration and enables the trigger source to be from a Master or Extension unit.
• Control & data transfer from Extension units to the Master are managed with a PCIe, Gen 2, x4 link capable of 2 GB/s data transfer rate.

When operating in a multi-unit instrument configuration, one DPO70000SX has the role of Master, controlling one or more units operating in Extension mode. Any DPO70000SX model can operate as a standalone oscilloscope or serve as Master or Extension in a multi-unit configuration. Roles are determined by UltraSync cabling and no additional elements are needed. This allows users to decouple multi-unit configurations at any time and operate instruments in a standalone fashion without requiring a control unit or other accessories. Or, standalone units can be easily combined by simply adding UltraSync cables between Master and Extension.

During startup of a multi-unit configuration a Configuration Manager application validates Master-Extension cabling and provides graphical feedback if elements are missing or misconfigured. Following validation, the system presents the TekScope user interface where waveforms from Master and Extension units are gathered for display and analysis using built-in features and Advanced Analysis applications.

Scalable performance and versatile configurations

DPO70000SX multi-unit modes enable a variety of extended performance and increased channel-count configurations. Master-Extension configurations provide additional input channels synchronized to the same degree of precision as internal channels and controlled from a single user interface as an interactive instrument or programming interface in automated applications.

This scalable approach to performance allows users to purchase performance suitable for today's requirements, such as four channels of 33 GHz, 100 GS/s acquisition while also having two channels with 70 GHz, 200 GS/s performance suitable for next-generation designs. Subsequently, two additional units can be added for a total of four channels at 70 GHz, 200 GS/s. Units in this four-unit configuration can be separately deployed as pairs or standalone units at any time to meet other test demands.

The DPO77002SX also offers a unique value proposition in single-channel 70 GHz, 200 GS/s applications such as RF analysis or pulsed laser studies. In these cases a user can purchase a single unit for 70 GHz channel performance along with two channels at 33 GHz. Additional units can be purchased at a later time and combined using UltraSync if higher channel count is needed.

The following multi-unit configurations are supported:

2 DPO77002SX: 2 Ch @ 70 GHz, 200 GS/s or 4 Ch @ 33 GHz, 100 GS/s

4 DPO77002SX: 4 Ch @ 70 GHz, 200 GS/s or 8 Ch¹ @ 33 GHz, 100 GS/s

2 DPO75902SX: 2 Ch @ 59 GHz, 200 GS/s or 4 Ch @ 33 GHz, 100 GS/s

4 DPO75902SX: 4 Ch @ 59 GHz, 200 GS/s or 8 Ch¹ @ 33 GHz, 100 GS/s

2 DPO75002SX: 2 Ch @ 50 GHz, 200 GS/s or 4 Ch @ 33 GHz, 100 GS/s

4 DPO75002SX: 4 Ch @ 50 GHz, 200 GS/s or 8 Ch¹ @ 33 GHz, 100 GS/s

2 DPO73304SX: 4 Ch @ 33 GHz, 100 GS/s or 8 Ch ¹ @ 23 GHz, 50 GS/s

4 DPO73304SX: 8 Ch¹ @ 33 GHz, 100 GS/s or 16 Ch¹ @ 23 GHz, 50GS/s

2 DPO72504SX: 4 Ch @ 25 GHz, 100 GS/s or 8 Ch¹ @ 23 GHz, 50 GS/s

4 DPO72504SX: 8 Ch¹ @ 25 GHz, 100 GS/s or 16 Ch¹ @ 23 GHz, 50GS/s

2 DPO72304SX: 4 Ch @ 23 GHz, 100 GS/s or 8 Ch¹ @ 23 GHz, 50 GS/s

4 DPO72304SX: 8 Ch¹ @ 23 GHz, 100 GS/s or 16 Ch¹ @ 23 GHz, 50GS/s

2 DPO72004SX: 4 Ch @ 20 GHz, 100 GS/s or 8 Ch¹ @ 20 GHz, 50 GS/s

4 DPO72004SX: 8 Ch¹ @ 20 GHz, 100 GS/s or 16 Ch¹ @ 20 GHz, 50 GS/s

2 DPO71604SX: 4 Ch @ 16 GHz, 100 GS/s or 8 Ch¹ @ 16 GHz, 50 GS/s

4 DPO71604SX: 8 Ch¹ @ 16 GHz, 100 GS/s or 16 Ch¹ @ 16 GHz, 50 GS/s

2 DPO71304SX: 4 Ch @ 13GHz, 100 GS/s or 8 Ch¹ @ 13 GHz, 50 GS/s

4 DPO71304SX: 8 Ch¹ @ 13 GHz, 100 GS/s or 16 Ch¹ @ 13 GHz, 50 GS/s

Skew Stability

UltraSync provides outstanding integration and time alignment between units in a multi-unit stack. Once channels have been deskewed in a multi-unit stack, skew is very stable over time and temperature. The specification for skew stability is ≤250 fs_RMS. The following DPO77002SX skew measurement plot shows that even when including the startup temperature stabilization period (approximately 1 hour), the pk-pk variation is about 400 fs, and is about 350 fs pk-pk after the 1-hour warm-up period. This plot also shows exceptional consistency over this 12-hour data collection.

Another important aspect of skew is how the phase relationship between two channels varies with changing frequency (group delay effects). The following plot compares the performance of a DPS77004SX 70 GHz two-unit system against the performance of another vendor's 63 GHz frequency-interleaved channels. What you see here is that the UltraSync two-channel skew performance dramatically surpasses the performance of another vendor's single 63 GHz model containing two channels.

Short signal path

Minimizing input signal path length is especially important when working at 70 GHz ultra-high bandwidth. The compact nature of DPO70000SX creates more versatile mounting options when co-locating instrument and device under test (DUT). Options such as the Auxiliary Front Panel and Remote Desktop connection allow further flexibility by eliminating the need for direct access to the instrument front panel once connected. As a result, the SX series enables the broadest range of options when dealing with a variety of DUT configurations as compared to classic bench instruments.

Input signal path length may be minimized in multi-unit configurations by inverting one unit of a pair. The low, central location of the 70 GHz ATI input provides very small input connector spacing when operating units in this configuration.

Instruments can also be arranged at various angles to suit DUT layout, such as at right angles for card-and-backplane situation or face-to-face around a small DUT. Layouts such as this create the shortest input signal path and maximize SNR. In addition, effects of signal path elements such as cables and adapters can be characterized and removed using the Serial Data Link Analysis application to obtain the best analysis results and insight.

Applications

High-Speed Serial

Datacom measurements

PAM4 and NRZ measurements

The throughput of Datacom networks continues to increase. Tek's DPO70000SX is ready to perform standards validation for today's 25/28G industry standards and beyond (see chart below). The powerful combination of DPO70000SX, DPOJET Jitter and Noise Analysis, and the SDLA Serial Data Link Analysis tool performs accurate de-embedding and eye diagram analysis for these key Datacom standards. The 50 GHz to 70 GHz models provide ample bandwidth for Bessel-Thomson filter responses.

With 400G networking, serial data transmission speeds are now reaching 56 Gb/s per channel, making NRZ signaling techniques less practical. The bandwidth efficient PAM4 (4-level pulse amplitude modulation) signaling is being widely used to achieve this new performance level. Accurate PAM4 validation is best conducted using the DPO70000SX Series, with its industry-leading low-noise ATI technology, to achieve the best test margin on your measurement results. For analysis of PAM4, the DPO70000SX Options PAMJET-E and PAMJET-O combine industry leading equalization tools and a robust built-in software based clock recovery, which is essential to recovering complex timing and performing analysis of high ISI PAM4 signals.

Option PAMJET-E offers electrical measurements and option PAMJET-O offers optical measurements. Both comply with IEEE and OIF specifications. Optical interfacing is provided through the use of the DPO7OE Series optical probes, which include ORR filters.

Bit error detection

The bit error detector (option BITERR) is a generic simple NRZ bit error detector for serial data testing, covering data rates between 600 Mbps and 14.1 Gbps. It detects bit errors on a repeating pattern being sent by a serial transmitter. This feature utilizes the trigger system hardware, rather than waveform acquisition, so every bit is detected and verified; there are no blind periods or missed bits during bit error analysis. A pattern match file is used to define the expected incoming pattern. PRBS patterns are predefined, but users can also create their own unique pattern match files. Note that this optional feature is not protocol aware, and does not detect frame/symbol/character errors. When a bit error is detected, the oscilloscope triggers a waveform acquisition, resulting in a capture of the waveform containing the bit error. If the oscilloscope also has an optional serial decoder for the serial data stream being tested (for example, 8b10b), the acquired waveform can include decoded data, making analysis and debug of the error easier. Requires option ST14G.

Link Training

High Speed Serial Link Training Analysis - option HSSLTA - is a tool for verifying and debugging link training operation on 10 Gb through 200 Gb Ethernet links. It offers a powerful debugging capability for network equipment providers and silicon vendors concerned about interoperability issues in their designs. Link training is a complex sequence of negotiations between transmitter and receiver to determine optimal transceiver settings. HSSLTA uses the power of DPO70000SX triggering to identify link training exchanges between devices, then analyzes and displays the protocol, timing, and PHY signaling associated with link negotiation. This insight allows designers to verify the link training process and to quickly pinpoint problems when links fail to train.

The Most Efficient way to isolate link training issues:

• Real time capture of PHY-layer signaling provides detailed insight
• Control channel filtering stores essential conversation and removes redundant copies so only significant elements seen
• Time-stamped control channel elements provide further insight into link training process
• Linkage to PHY signaling provides quick navigation for exploring

Compliance software

Coherent optical

Coherent optical modulation analysis

Tektronix DPO70000SX oscilloscopes are ideal for modulation format analysis of 400 Gb/s and Terabit-based coherent optical networking systems. The unique architecture enables scalability to grow instrument performance by adding channels or more bandwidth; test 100 G cost effectively now and expand into 400 G or 1 Terabit later. The DPO70000SX low profile reduces concerns of signal loss in system connectivity on your coherent measurements by placing the optical receiver as close as possible to the instrument's input channel.

More accurate modulation analysis starts with a lower Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) floor in the instrument. The DPO70000SX Oscilloscope utilizes ATI technology to provide the industry's lowest noise floor supporting these measurements. In addition, the system is achieving four channels of full 70 GHz Bandwidth at 200 GS/s per channel, providing a very rich analysis environment.

• 70 GHz Bandwidth on 4 Channels for 1 Terabit/s systems
• Industry-best lowest noise for low EVM
• 200 GS/s sampling on 4 channels for phase tracking
• Compact form factor with scalability for channel & bandwidth

Display

Mobile computing

RF

With its low noise and flat frequency response to 70 GHz, the DPO70000SX opens opportunities for measurement and analysis of wideband RF signals.

SignalVu® vector signal analysis

When vector signal analysis of RF or baseband signals are needed, the optional SignalVu application enables measurements in multiple domains (frequency, time, phase, modulation) simultaneously. SignalVu measurements are fully correlated with the scope's time domain acquisition and triggering. Time domain events, such as commands to an RF subsystem, can be used as trigger events, while the subsystem's RF signal can be seen in the frequency domain.

In addition to spectrum analysis, spectrograms display both frequency and amplitude changes over time. Time-correlated measurements can be made across the frequency, phase, amplitude, and modulation domains. This is ideal for signal analysis that includes frequency hopping, pulse characteristics, modulation switching, settling time, bandwidth changes, and intermittent signals.

SignalVu can process RF, I and Q, and differential I and Q signals from any oscilloscope inputs. Math functions applied by the oscilloscope are also used by SignalVu allowing users to apply custom filtering prior to vector signal analysis.

The Microsoft Windows environment makes the use of this multi-domain analysis even easier with an unlimited number of analysis windows, all time-correlated, to provide deeper insight into signal behavior. With a user interface that adapts to your preferences (keyboard, front panel, touch screen, and mouse), SignalVu is easy to apply for both first-time users and experienced hands.

Time-correlated, multi-domain view provides a new level of insight into design or operational problems not possible with conventional analysis solutions. Here, the hop patterns of a narrowband signal can be observed using Spectrogram (lower left) and its hop characteristics can be precisely measured with Frequency vs Time display (upper left). The time and frequency responses can be observed in the two right-hand views as the signal hops from one frequency to the next.

Radar and high frequency-based analysis

The low-noise, high bandwidth DPO70000SX Series Oscilloscope is ideal for high frequency FFT-based measurement analysis. When combined with the powerful SignalVu software analysis option, the DPO70000SX instrument provides FFT (fast fourier transform) measurement capability up to 70 GHz. With its scalable instrument architecture, RF engineers can obtain a single channel unit for RF input-only measurements and grow to multi-unit configurations for comprehensive RF system validation.

Examples of high-frequency RF measurements with the DPO70000SX include:

• Chirp Linearity measurements on Radar signals (see below figure)
• Wireless LAN measurements on UEEE802.11ad/ay (64.8GHz carrier frequency)
• Monitor & debug satellite communications over K-Band (20-40 GHz)

Once low-noise waveform data is captured by the 70 GHz DPO70000SX, SignalVu can be used to demodulate the signal, and display a constellation diagram and Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) measurement and other needed measurements. SignalVu also provides detailed analysis in multiple domains as additional options, such as pulse analysis and settling time for Radar systems work, digital modulation analysis and flexible OFDM analysis for emerging modulation standards, as well as AM/FM/PM modulation and audio measurements for lower bandwidth requirements.

• Industry-low noise enables low EVM floor
• 70 GHz provides wide dynamic range and accurate chirp linearity
• Integrated FFT & Phase Plot creation provides fast, accurate frequency domain measurements

Options tailored for your wideband applications

SignalVu vector signal analysis software offers options to meet your specific application, whether it be wideband radar characterization, broadband satellite, or spectrum management. SignalVu Essentials (Opt. SVE) provides the fundamental capability for all measurements and is required for pulse analysis (Opt. SVP), settling time (Opt. SVT), digital modulation analysis (Opt. SVM), flexible OFDM analysis (Opt. SVO), and AM/FM/PM Modulation and Audio Measurements (Opt. SVA). Wideband satellite and point-to-point microwave links can be directly observed with SignalVu analysis software.

WiGig IEEE802.11ad/ay transmitter testing

Option SV30 provides comprehensive analysis for WiGig IEEE802.11ad/ay IC characterization. Used together with the DPO77002SX, it delivers the industry's most accurate signal quality measurement at 60 GHz. Automatically detect the packet Start, as well as decode packet information in the Header; synchronize to preamble using the Golay codes in the short training field; demodulates preamble, header, and payload separately; and measures EVM in each of these sections per the standard.

SV30 provides significant margin in EVM performance compared to what is required by the standard. Channel Impulse coefficients are also available. Both Control PHY (802.11ad) and Single Carrier PHY (802.11ad and 802.11ay) are supported and this option provides analysis of 802.11ay 2.16 GHz packets or 4.23 GHz adjacent 2-channel bonded packets.

Testing and verification can be done on IF and RF setups. RF power, Received Power Indicator (RCPI), Frequency error (Max, Average, Std. Deviation), DC Offset, IQ DC origin offset, IQ Gain and Phase imbalance, Signal Quality, and estimated SNR measurements are reported in the Summary display. Pass/Fail results are reported using customizable limits and the presets make the test set-up push-button.

For further insight into the signal, color coding is available in the user interface, allowing you to visualize the EVM spread across the analyzed packet with color codes differentiating regions. You can also view the demodulated symbols in tabular form with different color codes and with an option to traverse to the start of each region for easier navigation.

Advanced analysis

DPOJET Comprehensive Jitter and Noise Analysis

DPOJET provides engineers the highest measurement sensitivity and accuracy available in real-time instruments. With comprehensive jitter and eye-diagram analysis and decomposition algorithms DPOJET simplifies discovering signal integrity concerns and jitter and their related sources in today's high-speed serial, digital, and communication system designs.

To support measurement on signals acquired with the DPO7OE1 and DPO7OE2 optical probes, DPOJET now also provides optical measurements. These include Extinction Ratio (ER), Optical Modulation Amplitude (OMA), Optical High value, and Optical Low value.

Noise analysis with DPOJET (Opt. DJAN)

Jitter essentials, advanced analysis and custom extensions

DPOJET Essentials is standard on the DPO70000SX Series with the DPOJET advanced version available as an option. Application-specific measurement packages are also available that extend DPOJET and perform the extensive set of tests required by industry standard groups.

SDLA signal path de-embed and custom filters

Acceleration of signaling speeds and shrinking geometries create several challenges for next generation multi-gigabit designs and test methodologies. Designs are evolving to address these challenges with advanced equalization techniques at the transmitter and receiver. Smaller form factors make signal access more difficult, resulting in non-ideal probing points. This can lead to loss and reflections on the acquired signal due to impedance discontinuities that are not present at the ideal measurement location. The advanced techniques employed by the designs call for advanced measurement solutions. The challenge begins with the signal acquisition; capturing a signal through cables, probes and fixtures distort the signal shape. SDLA Visualizer allows you to de-embed the effects (reflections, insertion loss, and cross coupling) of the measurement circuit (cables, probes, and fixtures) from the waveform while taking into account the transmitter output and receiver input impedance. De-embedding these effects improves the accuracy of measurements and can make the difference between passing or failing a test.

Signal path equalization

Using the optional Serial Data Link Analysis Visualizer (SDLA64) application, you can gain further insight into serial data links with the capability to emulate the serial data channel from its S-parameters, remove reflections, cross- coupling, and loss caused by fixtures, cables, or probes, and open closed eyes caused by channel effects using receiver equalization techniques, such as CTLE, DFE, FFE. IBIS-AMI models for silicon-specific receiver equalization can used to observe on-chip behavior.

The eye diagrams below illustrate the correlated eye of a signal before a channel, after a channel, and after equalization. Eye closure due to channel effects have effectively been removed using SDLA and in this case the eye widths are within ~3 ps as shown in the eye diagram on the left and right hand sides.

Custom filters

Create your own filters or use the filters provided standard with the DPO70000SX Series to enhance your ability to isolate or remove a component of your signal (noise or specific harmonics of the signal). These customizable FIR filters can be used to implement signal-processing techniques, such as removing signal pre-emphasis or minimizing the effects of fixtures and cables connected to the device under test.

SignalCorrect™ software and TCS70902 Calibration Source

Counter timer

The high resolution counter/timer is a new optional feature that is made possible by the new trigger system in the DPO70000SX series oscilloscopes. This is a precision frequency counter which provides frequency analysis up to 25 GHz, with up to 13 digits of resolution and 12 digits/second. Using the internal clock, this counter is accurate to better than 1 ppm. Higher accuracy is possible using a high precision external clock source. Because this measurement is made through the trigger system, it measures each and every cycle of the signal on a continuous basis during the trigger gate time, rather than making measurements on finite blocks of data through the normal acquisition channel.

This feature provides the ability to make highly accurate clock stability measurements. In the screen capture shown, a deviation of 212 μHz of source wander is measured on an 8 GHz precision source. In this figure, the signal generator was set to 8.00000000001 GHz, and the scope measured precisely that amount.

The timer allows precise measurements between trigger events with a 200 fs resolution, and can include time measurements from an A event to a B event, where A and B events can be any valid trigger mode (e.g. Glitch, Runt, Edge, etc). This feature is useful for measuring propagation delays, or analyzing anomaly occurrence rates.

Three important distinctions between this counter/timer and conventional counter/timers are:

• > 25 GHz analog bandwidth
• Wide selection of high bandwidth scope probes available for the highest signal fidelity connection to the DUT
• Ability to view the waveform on-screen to insure the counter/timer is seeing a valid waveform, and that trigger levels are set appropriately for the waveform

Built-in analysis system

DPO70000SX includes a wide variety of built-in features for visualizing and measuring signal behaviors. Select from 54 automatic measurements using a graphical palette that logically organizes measurements into Amplitude, Time, Histogram, and Communications categories. Gather further insight into your measurement results with statistical data such as mean, min, max, standard deviation, and population.

Define and apply math expressions to waveform data for on-screen results in terms that you can use. Access common waveform math functions with the touch of a button. Or, for advanced applications, create algebraic expressions consisting of live waveforms, reference waveforms, math functions, measurement values, scalars, and user-adjustable variables with an easy-to-use calculator-style editor.

With deep acquisition memory, margin testing can be done over many cycles and long duration trends in the data can be observed. Plus, data from the oscilloscope can be captured into Microsoft Excel using the unique Excel toolbar, and formatted into custom reports using the Word toolbar provided with the DPO70000SX Series.

Custom math expressions with MATLAB

Tektronix custom math expressions with MATLAB enable users to create MATLAB scripts that process live waveform data and return results into scope math traces. Extensions can also use MATLAB features to create specialized analysis and visualizations.

Debugging

Throughout the design cycle, DPO70000SX Series oscilloscopes provide the ability to debug malfunctioning subsystems and isolate the cause. With the high waveform capture rate of FastAcq® you can quickly identify signal anomalies that occur intermittently - saving minutes, hours, or even days by quickly revealing the nature of faults so sophisticated trigger modes can be applied to isolate them. Using Pinpoint® triggers, infrequent events such as glitches or signal runts caused by bus contention or signal integrity issues can be captured, analyzed, and then eliminated.

FastAcq® expedites debugging by clearly showing imperfections

More than just color grading or event scanning, the FastAcq proprietary DPX® acquisition technology captures signals at more than 300,000 waveforms per second on all TekConnect® channels ² simultaneously, dramatically increasing the probability of discovering infrequent fault events. And with a simple turn of the intensity knob you can clearly "see a world others don't see", displaying the complete picture of your circuit's operation. Some oscilloscope vendors claim high waveform capture rates for short bursts of time, but only DPO70000 Series oscilloscopes, enabled by DPX technology, can deliver these fast waveform capture rates on a sustained basis.

Pinpoint® trigger

Whether you're trying to find a problem signal or need to isolate a section of a complex signal for further analysis, Tektronix Pinpoint triggering provides the solution. Pinpoint triggering allows selection of virtually all trigger types on both A and B trigger events delivering the full suite of advanced trigger types for finding sequential trigger events. Pinpoint triggers provide trigger reset capabilities that begin the trigger sequence again after a specified time, state, or transition so that even events in the most complex signals can be captured.

The DPO70000SX Series provides the highest trigger system performance available in a real time scope. The figure shows triggering on <50 ps bit-wide runt pulses (fails to cross both thresholds within specified time) on 25.78 GBaud (100GbE) signaling. High system bandwidth and extreme trigger timer precision enable reliable capture of signal aberrations and efficient isolation of fault conditions.

In the next figure, pulse width discrimination is used to isolate pulses >40 ps and <60 ps wide, showing reliable capture of 50 ps pulses within a 20 Gbps PRBS11 sequence.

DPO70000SX includes a unique Envelope trigger mode that enables direct triggering on the envelope of a modulated carrier. Edge, Width and Timeout trigger types can be applied to a detected envelope to provide stable trigger on modulated bursts or discriminate bursts of a specific width. Carrier frequency can range from 500 MHz to 20 GHz to address a broad range of applications. The figure illustrates triggering on burst of specific width.

Hardware serial pattern triggering

To verify serial architectures, the DPO70000SX Series offers two different serial pattern trigger and decode options with built-in clock recovery, enabling the ability to correlate events across physical and link layers. The instrument can recover the embedded clock signal, identify transitions, and allow you to set the desired encoded words for a specific serial pattern trigger to be captured. These features can be enabled on the DPO70000SX Series with two options. Option ST14G provides serial trigger performance from 600 Mbps to 14.1 Gbps and bit level or character level trigger and decode of 8b/10b NRZ serial data streams. Option SR-6466 enables support for 64b/66b NRZ serial trigger and decode and requires ST14G. Any active TekConnect input channel can be used as a source for the hardware serial trigger options.

The 160 bit (16 character) pattern match feature applies to generic NRZ serial patterns and 8b/10b. It enables the oscilloscope to reliably trigger on a specific section of a serial data sequence, thereby facilitating diagnostic and debug work by isolating portions of the serial data stream. For 64b/66b specific patterns, the option enables trigger on a valid or invalid sync header, control block, data block, and up to 132 bit pattern match (on 2 adjacent 64b/66b blocks).

In addition, the hardware serial trigger feature is designed for reliable operation even in the presence of spread spectrum clocks with a range of 0-5000 pps downspread.

Visual trigger

Visual Trigger further extends the Pinpoint Triggering's capabilities, adding another level of trigger qualification to find important events in a wide variety of complex signals. Visual Trigger qualifies Pinpoint triggers by scanning through all waveform acquisitions and comparing them to on-screen areas (geometric shapes). Up to eight areas can be created using a mouse or touchscreen, and a variety of shapes (triangles, rectangles, hexagons, or trapezoids) can be used to specify the desired trigger behavior. Once shapes are created, they can be edited interactively to create ideal trigger conditions

FastFrame™

When the key events you are interested in are widely spaced in time, such as bursts of activity on a bus, the FastFrame segmented memory feature on the DPO70000SX Series enables you to capture the events of interest while conserving acquisition memory. Using multiple trigger events, FastFrame captures and stores short bursts of signals and saves them as frames for later viewing and analysis. Capturing thousands of frames is possible, so long-term trends and changes in the bursting signal can be analyzed. FastFrame also minimizes trigger re-arm time, allowing for acquisition of events that are very closely spaced in time. Using this feature, it is possible to reliably acquire signals that are spaced by only a few microseconds.

Extended features that are part of FastFrame include the ability to very efficiently calculate a point-point average of all frames to a single waveform (summary frame). In addition, it is possible to perform an orthogonal average, whereby multiple sets of frames can be acquired. In this mode, each #1 frame is averaged on a point-by-point basis with all other #1 frames, each #2 frame is averaged on a point-by-point basis with all other #2 frames, and so on up to the total number of frames specified. This feature provides a very efficient way to extend the dynamic range of the oscilloscope while acquiring repeatable sequences of events.

Advanced search and mark

Isolating the key event causing your system failure can often be a tedious task. With the Advanced Event Search and Mark feature standard on the DPO70000SX Series, examining data and highlighting important events, skipping the unimportant ones, and enhancing the comprehension of event relationships is made easy. With ASM, you'll be able to navigate through long record length acquisitions effortlessly and quickly locate the event you have been trying to find. Advanced searches can be defined individually or using the scope's trigger settings as the definition for the search. Even Visual Trigger areas can be used as part of the ASM criteria.

Probing and remote-head coaxial input

Often the biggest challenge in debugging a system is getting access to the required signals. Tektronix offers a wide array of probing solutions, including the P7700, P7600, and P7500 TriMode™ probing system with bandwidths that are perfectly matched to the DPO70000SX Series. The P7700, P7600, and P7500 TriMode probes allow you to switch among differential, single ended, and common-mode measurements without moving the probe from its connection points. The P7600 Series combines low noise, 33 GHz bandwidth and the convenience of Trimode probing. The P7500 Series offers probes with performance from 4 GHz to 25 GHz and offers several low-cost solder tips with quick connection features that allow moving the probe to various solder points fast and easy.

P7700 Series TriMode Probes

The P7700 Series TriMode probes provide the highest probe fidelity available for real-time oscilloscopes. In addition, with connectivity innovations such as solder down tips with the probe’s input buffer mounted only a few millimeters from the end of the tip, the P7700 Series probes provide unmatched usability for connecting to today’s most challenging electronic designs.

DPO7OE series optical probes

The DPO7OE series optical probes can be used as an optical reference receiver for high speed serial data signals (using selectable Bessel-Thomson ORR filters), or can be used as a conventional O/E converter for general wide-bandwidth optical signal acquisition. The DPO7OE series is compatible with DPO/MSO70000 C/DX/SX models. Connected to TekConnect channels provides up to 33 GHz bandwidth. Connected to ATI channels, the DPO7OE1 provides up to 42 GHz electrical response; the DPO7OE2 provides up to 59 GHz electrical bandwidth response.

Signal acquisition

ATI input

The DPO77002SX 70 GHz ATI input channel uses industry-standard 1.85 mm coaxial connection system specified to 67 GHz, with typical performance to 70 GHz. The instrument includes a calibration-grade 1.85 mm female-female adapter installed in the ATI input connector (male) to provide mechanical protection and gender selection. Instruments also include a static protection wrist strap, torque wrench and a set of backing wrenches to facilitate proper care and installation of signal path elements, ensuring optimal measurement performance. The 1.85 mm connection system is compatible with 2.4 mm (50 GHz) elements.

TekConnect® inputs

DPO70000SX models include the TekConnect signal interconnect system, offering unparalleled versatility with a wide array of accessory signal access and conditioning solutions. The TCA292D TekConnect adapter provides 2.92 mm connection, 50 Ω coaxial environment to 33 GHz.

High performance Auxiliary Trigger input

DPO70000SX includes an Auxiliary Trigger input (TekConnect) suitable for high performance Edge triggering without consuming an acquisition channel. Aux trigger bandwidth is >10 GHz on the DPO70000SX Series with <1.5 ps_RMS jitter.

Channel timing deskew

All DPO70000SX models include differential fast-edge outputs matched to <1.6 ps on the front panel that provide a convenient source for aligning channel timing in a coaxial environment. Instruments include accessories to accomplish channel-to-channel timing deskew using the built-in source. Additional accessories can be purchased separately to accomplish even finer time alignment or deskew in a probe-based environment

DPO7RF Signal Path Solutions

The DPO7RF Signal Path Solutions kits provide you with preconfigured kits of components you can use to optimize measurement performance in your ultra-high bandwidth applications. Kits include attenuators, adapters, DC Blocks, power divider, cleaning swabs, color marking bands, S-parameters and documentation.

• Kits and cables include S-parameter files and documentation on a USB memory stick
• Kits include signal path marking accessories
• Kits include cleaning swabs for proper maintenance of sensitive RF components

Bench or rack mount

DPO70000SX models are equally suited for bench and rack-mounted use and complimented with a number of elements to address specific environments.

UltraSync cables are available in 1 meter and 2 meter lengths to enable configuration flexibility. The default 1 meter cable is suitable for typical two- and four-unit configurations with uniformly stacked instruments. The longer cable enables combinations operating at 90° to one another or face-to-face around a DUT. Cable length can be mixed in a configuration to suit application need and time de-skewed as a system to provide precise channel-to-channel time alignment.

Instrument cases include recesses that align with feet such that stacked units mechanically engage one another for added stability. This feature also works in inverted-stacking configurations and mixed stacks that include an OM4000 Optical Receiver. Models include threaded holes for user-provided side brackets in cases where specific combinations are to be "locked" together.

Rack environment

The DPO70000SX rack mount is a tray directly attached to the instrument. The tray occupies 1U rack height in addition to the 3U instrument and preserves a cooling channel for the unit. The rack mount also provides heavy-duty carry handles for transporting the instrument outside the rack environment.

The rack-mounting kit allows units to be mounted upright or inverted to minimize input cable length, just as when stacking on a bench.

The DPO70000SX rack-mount tray can also house a front-mounted Solid State Drive (SSD) for easy access to instrument mass storage in a rack environment.